Tanzanite

Tanzanite stone is often used in jewelry as rings, earrings, bracelets, or pendants, prized for its distinctive array of blue to violet hues. Discovered in 1967, this extraordinary gemstone quickly garnered global attention and is today one of the most coveted gems in the modern jewelry world.

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Tanzanite gemstone

Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite, which belongs to the epidote group. The stone was first uncovered by Manuel d’Souza in 1967 in the Merelani Hills of
Manyara Region, Northern Tanzania, near the city of Arusha and Mount Kilimanjaro. Its only known commercial mining source is a small area approximately 7 km long and 2 km wide, making tanzanite extremely rare and valuable.

One notable feature of tanzanite is its remarkably strong trichroism, which allows the stone to display different colors depending on crystal orientation and lighting conditions. It can shift from striking blue to vibrant violet or even to burgundy. Under fluorescent light, tanzanite appears predominantly blue, whereas incandescent light often reveals more of its violet spectrum. In its rough state, tanzanite can have a brownish tone, which is typically removed by controlled heating to bring out the intense blue-violet shades that collectors adore.

Tanzanite history

Manuel d’Souza, a tailor and part-time gold prospector residing in Arusha, Tanzania, stumbled upon transparent fragments of brilliant blue and violet crystals near Mirerani, about 40 km southeast of Arusha. Initially, he believed they might be peridot or possibly dumortierite. However, upon further investigation by John Saul, a consulting geologist, and later by gemological experts at the Gemological Institute of America, the mineral was correctly identified as a variety of zoisite.

Shortly after, leading mineralogists from Harvard University, the British Museum, and Heidelberg University confirmed these findings. Yet, the first accurate identification was credited to Ian McCloud, a Tanzanian government geologist stationed in Dodoma. Once officially named “blue zoisite,” Tiffany & Co. quickly rechristened it “tanzanite,” paying tribute to its single known geographic origin in Tanzania.

Blue zoisite renamed as tanzanite

The decision by Tiffany & Co. to call the gemstone tanzanite was based on its marketing potential, highlighting both its stunning color and extreme rarity. Since its discovery in 1967, it is estimated that over two million carats of tanzanite have been mined. In 1971, the Tanzanian government nationalized the mining operations, further shaping the trajectory of this extraordinary gem’s market.

Today, tanzanite continues to be celebrated for its vibrant hues and unique origins. Whether showcased as a center stone in high-end jewelry or set alongside diamonds for a contemporary appeal, tanzanite captivates collectors and enthusiasts worldwide. Proper care ensures its enduring beauty, as it ranks 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs hardness scale.

Gemological properties and care

From a gemological standpoint, tanzanite’s allure is closely tied to its pleochroism, the ability to show multiple colors when viewed from different angles. This trait allows the wearer or collector to admire various facets of its color play in different lighting. To preserve the stone’s brilliance, avoid exposing it to extreme temperatures, harsh chemicals, or ultrasonic cleaners. Clean your tanzanite jewelry gently with warm soapy water and a soft cloth or brush, and store it separately from harder gems.

Symbolism and popularity

Because of its breathtaking color spectrum, tanzanite is often associated with transformation and discovery. It symbolizes individuality and creativity, reflecting the blend of cool blues and regal purples. Though not classified as one of the traditional “precious” stones, tanzanite’s escalating demand and limited supply make it a treasured choice among discerning collectors, jewelers, and anyone captivated by its one-of-a-kind beauty.

FAQ

How much is tanzanite worth today?

Tanzanite price can vary significantly depending on color saturation, clarity, and carat weight. While lower-quality stones might cost around $50 per carat, exceptional specimens with intense colors and high clarity can command values of up to $1,500 per carat or more. Tanzanite rings or earrings will also depend on design and the quality of metals used.

What is the best color for tanzanite?

Vibrant shades of blue, purplish blue, or violet blue are considered the most valuable and sought-after. These richer colors tend to be more appealing to collectors and can significantly increase the stone’s overall value. Many tanzanite stones naturally display a light to medium tone, but those with deeper saturation hold greater worth.

Is tanzanite a precious stone?

Traditionally, only diamond, ruby, sapphire, and emerald are classified as “precious” gemstones. Tanzanite is therefore termed a semi-precious stone. However, it has earned a reputation as one of the most desirable gems on the market due to its rarity and remarkable visual qualities.

Can tanzanite be worn every day?

Tanzanite has a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, which means it is relatively durable but not as hard as ruby or sapphire. While it can withstand regular wear, it does require cautious handling to avoid scratches or abrasions. Pendants, earrings, and other jewelry pieces that don’t encounter heavy wear are generally safer for frequent use.

Is tanzanite a good investment?

Its rarity and growing demand suggest that tanzanite could be a strong option for investment, particularly as no other significant deposits have been found. Over time, as the supply from Tanzania decreases, prices may trend upward. Nonetheless, it’s always wise to purchase tanzanite for its beauty first and foremost.

What month is tanzanite a birthstone for?

Tanzanite is widely recognized as one of December’s birthstones, alongside blue topaz and turquoise. It is also associated with the 24th wedding anniversary, making it a meaningful gift for special milestones during that month or celebration.

How can you tell if tanzanite is real?

A hallmark of genuine tanzanite is its pleochroism, revealing hints of green or brown when the stone is viewed at certain angles. Heat treatment reduces these secondary colors to some extent, but under a dichroscope—an essential gemological tool—a trained eye can still detect the stone’s pleochroic behavior.

Why is my tanzanite cloudy?

If your tanzanite appears cloudy, it could be due to a high number of inclusions or tiny fractures inside the stone. Another possibility is surface scratches that dull its natural luster. Regular gentle cleaning and avoiding exposure to abrasive surfaces can help maintain its brilliance.

Can tanzanite be lab created?

While there are synthetic materials on the market that mimic the color of tanzanite, true lab-created tanzanite with the exact same chemical composition does not currently exist. Always purchase from reputable sources to ensure authenticity.

What is the difference between tanzanite and amethyst?

Amethyst and tanzanite can share purple hues, but amethyst typically leans toward a warmer, more reddish-purple tone, whereas tanzanite often has a cooler purplish-blue appearance. Additionally, tanzanite displays pleochroism, which is absent in amethyst.

Does tanzanite scratch easily?

While tanzanite is considered relatively durable, it can scratch more easily than diamonds or sapphires. It is recommended to avoid contact with harsh chemicals and refrain from ultrasonic cleaning to protect your tanzanite’s polish and clarity.

Natural tanzanite for sale in our gem shop

We make custom tanzanite jewelry such as engagement rings, necklaces, stud earrings, bracelets, and pendants. If you would like to design a personalized tanzanite piece or have any inquiries about this unique gemstone, please
contact us for a quote.