Iglasi elenziwe ngabantu
Iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu yenye yezona zinto zindala zaziwayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuphindaphinda inkangeleko yamatye anqabileyo okwenene. Kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu, abantu baye basebenza ngeglasi ukuvelisa kwakhona ukubengezela nokuqaqamba kwamatye endalo, bezama ukubonisa ubuhle babo ngexabiso elifikelelekayo. Ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha inokukhohlisa iliso elingaqeqeshelwanga, umahluko phakathi kweglasi eyenziwe ngumntu kunye namatye anqabileyo ayinyani ihlala ibonakala kwiingcali, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali. Ubuchwephesha bayo bemveliso buguquke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, bubonisa inkqubela phambili kubuchule bobugcisa, ukutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko, kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji.
Thenga amatye anqabileyo endalo kwivenkile yethu
Xa kuziwa ekuchongeni iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu njengokulinganisa ilitye elinqabileyo, izinto ezininzi eziphambili zenza lo msebenzi ube ngqo. Xa kuthelekiswa neeminerali zokwenyani, iglasi inobulukhuni obusezantsi kakhulu, obukhokelela kumphezulu okrweleka ngokulula. Ukukhanya kwayo kudla ngokungafaniyo ngokunjalo, kungabikho ubunzulu kunye nobunzima obufumaneka kumatye amaninzi endalo. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kweglasi-kaninzi amaqamza amancinci-athande ukwahluka kakhulu kulawo akhoyo kwiigem zokwenyani. Ngaphezu koko, iglasi inokunyibilika kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, okwenza ukuba imveliso yayo ibe lula kwaye ingabi nzulu kakhulu kunobutyebi obungaphezu kwamatye anqabileyo endalo.
Nangona iyinto nje eqhelekileyo, iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu isenendima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lezacholo zefashoni. Enyanisweni, ilawula amacandelo amakhulu emarike, zombini ngokomthamo kunye nexabiso lemali elipheleleyo. Ukufikeleleka kwayo, ukukhululeka kwemveliso, kunye nokuguquguquka ekubunjweni nasekufakeni imibala kuyenza ibe nomtsalane kakhulu kubenzi bezacholo zentengiso enkulu, iqinisekisa ukuba iglasi iyaqhubeka nokuba ngumdlali ophambili kurhwebo lwehlabathi lwezihombiso zokuhombisa.
imbali
Imveliso yeglasi eyenziwe ngumntu yaqala kumawaka eminyaka. Ubungqina bucebisa ukuba yayisenziwa kwangoko ngo-3500 BC eMesopotamiya, apho amagcisa asenokuba ayephindaphinda ubuchule kunye nezimbo ezibolekwe kubavelisi beglasi baseYiputa. Kukholelwa ukuba itekhnoloji yokuqala yeglasi yavela kwimimandla eselunxwemeni esemantla eSyria, eMesopotamiya, okanye eJiphethe, inegalelo kwisithethe sokwenziwa kweglasi esiya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe kwiinkcubeko ezininzi.
Imvelaphi
Izinto zokuqala ezaziwayo zeglasi, eziqala kwinkulungwane yesibini yenkulungwane yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, beziqulathe amaso. Ezinye zezi zisenokuba zenziwe ngempazamo njengemveliso yesinyithi okanye ngokuveliswa kwe-faience—isixhobo esingenaglasi se-vitreous. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amagcisa afunda ukulawula ukufudumeza nokupholisa kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo ukuze ziphumeze iimilo nemibala enqwenelekayo. Ekuqaleni inqabileyo kwaye ixabisekile, izinto zeglasi zazihlala zixatyiswa kubunewunewu kuluntu lwamandulo.
Ukuzivelela kobuchule bobugcisa
Njengoko ubuchule bokwenza iiglasi buphucuka, ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli kwanda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuwa kwempucuko yeBronze Age kwanqumamisa okomzuzwana ukuqhubela phambili kwimveliso yeglasi. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wobugcisa waphinda wavela kwaye wachuma kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, kuquka i-Indiya malunga ne-1730 BC, kwaye wangena e-China yakudala, apho wayejongene nokhuphiswano oluvela kwizithethe ezisele zisekiwe zeseramikhi kunye nesinyithi.
Ukusasazeka kweNkcubeko
Ekugqibeleni, uBukhosi baseRoma baba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokusasazwa kunye nokulungiswa kweglasi, ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zeglasi eziqhubeka zifunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, izinto zeglasi zisasazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma, nangaphaya, kubonisa utshintshiselwano lwenkcubeko, inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kobugcisa. Ummandla ngamnye wawulungelelanisa ubugcisa bezandla ukuze buvumelane nezinto ezithandwa ngabantu basekuhlaleni, iimfuno namasiko onqulo okanye asekuhlaleni.
Iglasi elenziwe ngabantu
Iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu kwizacholo
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya nakwimizi-mveliso, iglasi yakhawuleza yafumana indawo yokuzihombisa. Kwi-Anglo-Saxon eNgilane, umzekelo, iglasi ibisoloko ivela kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iindawo zokuhlala kunye nezokungcwaba. Amagcisa amandulo ase-Anglo-Saxon adibanisa iglasi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo: izitya, amaso, iifestile, kunye nezacholo ezintsonkothileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa Kwangoko kwiMihombiso
Emva kokumka kwamaRoma eBritani ngenkulungwane yesi-5 yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweglasi kwaba neenguqu eziphawulekayo. Ukugrunjwa kwexesha lamaRoma kubonakalise izixa ezikhulu zeglasi, kodwa ekuqaleni kwexesha le-Anglo-Saxon, ubungakanani behla kakhulu. Uninzi lwento esiyaziyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili kweglasi ekuhombiseni kuvela ekugrunjweni kwamangcwaba, ngakumbi kumangcwaba, apho amaso eglasi kunye neenqanawa zazibekwe ecaleni komfi. Noko ke, olu qheliselo lwatshintsha ekuqaliseni kobuKristu.
Ukutshintshwa kweendlela zokungcwaba
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesi-7, ukuvela kwezithethe zokungcwaba phakathi kwama-Christian Anglo-Saxons kwakuthetha ukuba zimbalwa iimpahla ezingcwalisiweyo ezazidityaniswa nomntu ongasekhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, izinto zeglasi azifane zifumaneke kumangcwaba exesha elizayo. Ukunqongophala kwezinto zakudala zeglasi ezisuka kwezi meko zinokunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nesiseko senkcubeko kwimingcwabo enesizotha ngakumbi, ebonisa utshintsho kwinkolelo yenkolo, imilinganiselo yentlalo kunye neepatheni zorhwebo.
Iimpembelelo zeNkolo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweZakhiwo
Ngempembelelo ekhulayo yobuKristu, ubukho beglasi butshintshile kwizinto zokungcwaba ukuya kwizinto zokwakha. Iglasi yefestile yaba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiicawe nakwiimonki, ikhanyisa - ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso-ngokubaluleka okukhulayo kweglasi kwiindawo ezingcwele. Amaxwebhu e-Anglo-Saxon ecawa ngamanye amaxesha abhekisela ekusebenziseni iglasi kwizakhiwo zonqulo. Ukongeza, iijuweli ze-Anglo-Saxon zifake iglasi kwindalo yazo njenge-enamel okanye njenge-insets ezisikwe ngononophelo, ukudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nokholo kwizinto zokuhombisa eziphucukileyo.
FAQ
Ngaba iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu ithathwa njengelitye elinqabileyo lokwenyani?
Hayi, iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu ayilolitye lokwenene. Yimathiriyeli yokwenziwa elinganisa ukubonakala kwamatye okwenyani kodwa ayinayo indalo yendalo yejoloji, ubume bekristale, kunye nobulukhuni beempawu zamatye anqabileyo.
Ndingazi njani ukuba iqhekeza lezacholo liqulethe iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu?
Iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu ihlala ibonisa amaqamza amancinci, ubulukhuni obusezantsi, kunye nohlobo olwahlukileyo lokukhazimla xa kuthelekiswa namatye anqabileyo endalo. Iingcali zegemologists zisebenzisa izixhobo ezinje ngokwandisa kunye novavanyo lokuqina ukuchonga iglasi, kodwa nomthengi onomdla unokubona umahluko ekucaceni nasekuziveni.
Kutheni iglasi eyenziwe ngabantu isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lezacholo zefashoni?
Ukufikeleleka kwayo, ukukhululeka kwemveliso, kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwemibala kunye nezimbo zenza iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lwezacholo zentengiso enkulu. Ivumela abaqulunqi ukuba benze iziqwenga ezikhangayo ngexabiso eliphantsi kunamatye anqabileyo amaninzi endalo.
Ngaba iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu inayo nayiphi na intsingiselo yenkcubeko ethile?
Iglasi ngokwembali iphathe ukubaluleka kobuhle kunye nenkcubeko. Nangona ingabambeli ukunqaba okufanayo okanye ixabiso lemali njengamatye anqabileyo endalo, ihlala ifanekisela ubugcisa, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, kunye nokubonakaliswa kobugcisa, ngakumbi kwiinkcubeko apho izithethe zokwenza iglasi zide zimi.
Ngaba iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu inokuphinda ukuqina kwamatye anqabileyo endalo?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho. Iglasi eyenziwe ngumntu ithande ukuba thambile kwaye ithande ukukrwela kwaye yophuka kunamatye okwenene. Ngenxa yoko, iziqwenga ezenziwe ngeglasi ngokupheleleyo zinokungamelani nokunxiba kwemihla ngemihla ngokufanelekileyo njengazo zineelitye zendalo ezihlala ziqinile.
Amatye anqabileyo endalo athengiswa kwivenkile yethu
